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The market for pressure and vacuum venting devices for aboveground storage tanks supports several different types of devices. But first, let’s look at some basic venting design and inspection technology and clear up some confusion and regulatory misconceptions.įigure 1, 2 and 3: Photos of a typical pressure/vacuum vent (1) and two cutaway views (2) and (3). Our specific recommendations for specifying aboveground tank venting are at the end of this article. Given the required set pressure, design pressure, and flow capacity for normal venting conditions (as well as for emergency conditions due to fire exposure, if required), venting can be properly sized for API 650 fixed-roof tanks. The purchaser should specify compliance with API 2000 venting requirements and should supply sufficient information to allow proper vent selection and tank design. Other fixed-roof tanks (without floating roofs), however, are not subject to API 2000 unless so specified by the purchaser. API 650 invokes the venting requirements of API 2000 for internal floating-roof tanks with a gas blanket and for certain fixed-roof tanks without floating roofs (see Sidebar 1). API 650 specifies the venting requirements for external floating roofs and for internal floating-roof tanks without a gas blanket. Internal floating-roof tanks are to be vented in accordance with API 650 Appendix H. Tanks designed to pressures above 15 psig are called pressure vessels, and are specified in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The design of these tanks is governed by API Standard 620. Tanks with design pressures above 2.5 psig but not more than 15 psig are called low-pressure tanks. These are sometimes referred to as atmospheric tanks.
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API 650 addresses tanks that are either freely vented to the atmosphere or have design pressures up to 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge (psig). As discussed in Part 1 of this article in the May issue of PE&T, we are addressing the venting standards for aboveground storage tanks designed to API 650.